An Overview Of Territoriality Sociology Essay

An Overview Of Territoriality Sociology Essay Creating territories and physical boundaries within buildings and public spaces, is termed as hierarchy of a defensible space. The conversion from private to public space is important and demands efficient management. Through the sub division of zones (private to public), the character of ones own territory is defined and thereby managed. Private space An area under total control of the occupant, and not physically connected to the public Semi private space An area under the control of the occupant, but visually and physically accessible by the public Semi public space An area accessible to the public, and under the control of a specific group of occupants. Public space An area for the public Territoriality therefore defines the hierarchy of the space, and develops the idea of having ones own territory. This discourages outsiders from entering into private zones and reduces the risk of anonymity. This can be achieved if the following design features are implemented in the planning process (Colquhoun, 2003, 41) All the spaces inside as well as outside the building should be under natural surveillance by the residents and under their influence. All the external spaces should be seen as public spaces and should be clearly demarcated from the internal spaces with the help of symbolic barriers like gates, fences, walls, levels, steps, gateways etc. If the housing density is high, separate staircase entrances should be designed per building block so that there should be no confusion in recognizing a stranger. External communal areas such as parks, green open spaces should be in the vicinity of the building and where ever possible should be entered from the private zone. Surveillance Positioning and locating the windows and doors such that it increases surveillance to the outside surrounding. Opportunity to commit crime is potentially reduced when the offender senses that he/she is under constant surveillance from the adjoining buildings. Surveillance helps to create a feeling of security by providing the residents with their own territory and defending it through the overlooking windows, doors and entrances to the outside surroundings. Windows should be positioned such that it suits the internal plan of the house as well as provides surveillance to the outside surrounding. Front entrances of the buildings should be designed from the main road, main streets and pedestrian areas so that the passerbys can notice anything strange which helps in reducing the risk of anonymity. The communal areas of the buildings such as staircases, elevators etc should be designed where they can be visually connected to the outside surrounding. The rooms which are used more frequently like the kitchen and living rooms should be designed with their windows facing the public domain while bedrooms and toilets should be designed facing the private domain. Image This idea explains the proper use of materials and architectural design which reduces the feeling of being stigmatised, which creates a sense of isolation increasing the vulnerability of crime risk. To avoid building forms and layouts which completely stand out from the rest of the neighbourhood, makes it vulnerable by increasing the footfall of strangers by attracting them. Keeping the high rise and high density blocks away from the low income houses, as a mix of both can lead to criminal activities Encouraging the use of robust and attractive finishes to the building surfaces, preventing them from being vandalised. Milieu The juxtapostioning of residential areas with other facilities which helps in improving security and provides means for natural surveillance. Housing facilities should be mixed with social and commercial facilities to improve natural surveillance through increased footfall. Parks, playgrounds and open spaces should be designed around residential areas thereby offering constant natural surveillance.

Language of Hysteria Essay

During the 1690s, there was a mass hysteria due to beliefs of the existence of witches. With this fact came the Salem Witch Trials which occurred in Salem Village, Massachusetts. A young child began to exhibit abnormal behaviour and so she was taken in to be examined, they found nothing that could cause her to behave in such a manner. The entire village began to panick and started praying to God to get rid of evil. Conspiracies began to take rise in the village that made the villagers believe that there were witches in their village. Three women were accused of having relations with the Satan. Accusations grew larger and soon there were people who were tried and were killed. These events led to the Salem Witch Trials. The hysteria grew and began to worry people of high standings and soon the assumptions of witchcraft ended. Due to misconceptions and assumptions the Salem Witch Trials began. During the 1930s there was a mass hysteria of alien invasions. This became known as the War of the Worlds radio broadcast sent out by Orson Welles. Welles adds in effects that could cause the people to go into a state of panic. He got the idea from H. G. Wells’ novel The War of the Worlds. Bad timing became the cause of this mass hysteria. Due to the fact that during those times many people had radios and most families were listening to popular shows and by the time they got to Welles’ they were not able to listen to his introduction. They heard music being interrupted and surprising news of explosions and other sounds that exemplify an alien invasion. The people that tuned in to the radio broadcast late misunderstood and developed a fear and this one of the many causes of the mass hysteria in the 1930s. During the 1690s and the 1930s there mass hysterias like the Salem Witch Trials and the War of the Worlds radio broadcast that caused people to go into panic. These panic attacks were due to misconceptions and misunderstandings. The connection between these two mass hysterias is that the people misunderstood in both situations and caused them to start to panic. These two events have the common factor of how the events occurred.

Finance and Term Sheet Essay

1) What are the most important terms for Laracey? Founders’ termination term is very important for Laracey because it increases the possibility that the unvested equity of the founders could be accelerated when the incoming CEO terminates them. It directly protects the benefits of the founders. 2) What are the most important issues for Guerster? Mergers, redemption, reorganization of the company, or transfers of control of edocs are the most important issues for Guerster. These issues will directly influence his proportionate ownership of edocs. 3) What is ‘liquidation preference/participation?’ Both in general, and specifically in the proposed term sheet. Compare the term sheet to M-Y: what type of security (CP, RP, PCP) is this? A liquidation preference tells an investor where she stands in the capital structure hierarchy. When there have been multiple rounds of investment, it is common for the latest-round investors to get their money back first. So the Series A preferred is getting the first dollar from any liquidation first. In this case, the investor owns the Series A preferred stocks, so in case of merger, reorganization or transfer of control of edocs, Guerster first get paid. The security is Participating Convertible Preferred (PCP) because in the liquidation term, it is mentioned that Participating goes away on valuation that corresponds to 50 million. In addition, there is conversion term in the term sheet. 4) Why is CRV so concerned about board representation? Because CRV would like to ensure that the board members could represent its right, and the company develops in the direction it expects and doesn’t spend the money it invests in other business concepts. 1) Critique Steve Papa’s fundraising strategy for the â€Å"C† financing round? What steps did he take that were sensible? What mistakes did he make? When Steve Papa realized he had to raise money, the Enterprise IT spending was slowdown. The behavior of both venture capitalists and technology market was hard to forecast. So Papa chose a wrong time for the â€Å"C† financing round. The uncertainty of the spending on technology made the investors not willing to pay as much as Papa asked. So Papa had to revaluate and lower the price for several times. However, it is sensible that Papa realized that he should go back to the market and look for the investment. 2) What are the key differences in the term sheets offered by the insider group and Ampersand? What explains the key differences? The Venrock/BVP offer an inside round at 98.5 ¢ per share. The pre-money was roughly $25 million. They would share the $10 million, with Venrock taking more to increase its ownership, and leave the round open for another $5 million, getting the deal done at $15 million with an option to close as high as $18 million. Ampersand offered at $1.25 per share, and full ratchet protection for the Series B investors. The effective pre-money, with ratchets, was $32.9 million. The key difference is the offering price. Papa told Ampersand that they could only make room for them if, Ampersand gave Endeca a term sheet that offered to lead an alternate deal at a significantly higher price by the day of the board meeting. Otherwise, it would be unfair to the insiders who had been extremely supportive throughout the entire process. And the insiders had really supported when Endeca needed it. If the insiders have worked very well and shares a common vision, it also is likely to involve a very important potential customer. So Ampersand had to offer a higher price to become attractive. 3) Analyze the impact of renegotiating the anti-dilution provisions. Was Bessemer’s request to adjust these terms reasonable? Renegotiating the anti-dilution provisions will make the investors more beneficial. Bessemer’s request to adjust these terms was reasonable. Bessemer wanted to change the anti-dilution on the B round to full ratchet. Full-ratchet anti-dilution protection allows an investor to remain his ownership in the company as same as the initial investment. Since the price of BVP’s participation was going to be important to the stock price, Bessemer’s request to adjust these terms was reasonable.

Free Education Should Be Provided At Public Institutions

Annotated Bibliography THESIS STATEMENT: Free education should be provided at public institutions in order to promote and encourage students to gain the education they need to survive in today’s economy. Jeje, B., Rodriguez, B. (2016). Why free higher ed can’t wait. Dollars and Sense, 323,5-8 Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid =5b00db8e-d3d7-4c31-8816-315c3b2c6f4d%40sessionmgr4002vid=3hid=4103 Dollars and Sense is a non-profit organization that is collectively run and dedicated to explaining important economic issues. The issues are made relevant by applying them to everyday life. This organization was started in 1974, by the Economics Affairs Bureau Inc., with the mission to challenge mainstream economic issues and create a movement to start a new economy. Biola Jeje helped to establish New York Students Rising, a network of statewide students from a variety of state and city colleges. â€Å"Belinda Rodriguez is a climate justice activist and organizer,† (Belina Rodriguez, n.d.). Rodriguez recently served as Training Director at United States Student Association. Because the source only focuses on economic issues and i s closely monitored by various universities, I believe this would be a good source. Both authors participate in organizations that are trying to help make higher education more accessible. Cubberley, F. (2015). THE REALITY OF FREE COMMUNITY COLLEGE TUITION. Journal Of College Admission, (227),Show MoreRelatedShould Higher Education Be A Right?985 Words   |  4 PagesShould higher education be a right in the United States? Yes. Can states afford to fund higher education and can institutions develop cost-effective strategies to assist this process? Yes and yes. Multiple approaches have been offered in the search for increasing access to affordable education. However, methods achieved by various countries and historical precedents have occurred under diverse circumstances and under various funding mechanisms. These strategies do not seem to offer a viable planRead MoreTuition Free Public College Education1677 Words   |  7 PagesAnd Education for All: Tuition-Free Public College Education Everyone has the right to an education and education should be as accessible as possible to fulfill this need. Without an education, people are rendered powerless. Education gives people the power to go wherever and do whatever they want in life. This is especially true for higher education and a college degree is needed now more than ever. In the United States, in order to get ahead in a career or go up the social ladder, one needs aRead MoreHigh Education And Merit System978 Words   |  4 Pages Education, there should be no class distinction. Education should be provided to all irrespective of their economic, social or religious backgrounds. Education is defined as gaining knowledge which is funded by the government or charity organizations for awareness, charity, religious, or any other motives. It’s like an investment which helps to build the economy in the long run rather than a way of getting short-term inceptives from students. One of the reasons for the i mprovement in theRead MoreHigher Education Costs And Education983 Words   |  4 Pages Higher Education Costs Education, there should be no class distinction. Education should be provided to all, irrespective of their economic, social or religious backgrounds. Education is defined as gaining knowledge which is funded by the government or charity organizations for awareness, charity, religious, or any other motives. It’s like an investment which helps to build the economy in the long run rather than a way of getting short-term inceptives from students.Read MoreThe Rising Cost For Pursuing A Postsecondary Education916 Words   |  4 Pagesposition is difficult without an adequate college education. The primary problem is the rising cost for pursuing a postsecondary education makes it difficult for students to afford and complete their college degrees. Tuition has doubled three times since 1980 and outpaced the nation’s inflation rate whereas the student loan debt is at its highest at over $1 trillion (Sobel, 85). That is comparably higher than the rate of credit card debt (Education). Current policies by legislators do not directlyRead MorePrayer in Public Schools Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesorganized prayer in public schools is prohibited because it goes against the Constitution’s separation of church and state (Jinkins 123). The United States promises religious freedom, but is yet to define the degree and limitation of that liberty. However, American citizens have been debating for many years, whether organized prayer should be an option or obligation in public schools. Some people believe that organized prayer or religious classes would be a benefit to young people and should be allowed inRead MoreThe Old European Derived Model Of The American University1528 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the present role of higher education is hotly contested, its origins aren’t. Higher education in the US was created as a way to maintain class distinctions. The old European derived model of the American university was not the center of lib eral intellectual curiosity it has evolved to today, but rather a religious haven for students of wealthy families who attended in order to become clergymen. Though the religious presence at these institutions has largely diminished, the overwhelming presenceRead MoreThe Growth Of Self Financing Colleges937 Words   |  4 Pages3.6.1 Unprecedented Growth There has been tremendous growth in private higher education from the beginning of the 1990, this growth has been unprecedented; infact, before 1990 there were very few private institutions. By private institutions not mean the private aided colleges that have been in existence before independence, but private, self-financing colleges, which started emerging during the last quarter of century. The growth of self-financing colleges has been phenomenal; the number of privateRead MoreThe Importance Of Free Education1011 Words   |  5 PagesWhat if the cure to the cancer pandemic is in the mind of a person without the financial ability to afford education? Different nations have different education policies and systems. However, every individual deserves to get educated and the scenario where intelligent people are forced to drop out of school because they can’t cover education expenses is an awful situation that should be avoided. Financially unstable students are sometimes for ced to take a loan or handle numerous jobs just to payRead MoreThe Argument On The Left1378 Words   |  6 Pagesindustry. Unfortunately, however, one’s decision to further their education at post-secondary school can have one rather drastic unforeseen consequence: thousands of dollars’ worth of debt. As a result of this growing â€Å"epidemic† plaguing college students around the nation, rallying cries for free higher education have begun to spring up throughout the country. But, for as many logical, thought-out arguments that exist in support of free college, there are just as many against it. In fact, as highlighted